VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN YOUNG ADULTS: FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Abstract

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a common yet often underdiagnosed condition in young adults, with significant hematological and neurological implications. This review examines its prevalence, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges in individuals aged 18–35. A systematic review of literature from 2000 to 2023 revealed a prevalence ranging from 5% to 15%, with higher rates in regions with low dietary B12 intake. Common symptoms included fatigue, glossitis, paraesthesia, and macrocytic anemia, while neurological issues such as memory impairment and mood disturbances were also frequently reported. These findings emphasize the need for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent long-term complications. Greater awareness, targeted screening, and further research into dietary and genetic factors are crucial for addressing this widespread health concern