International Journal of Medical & Health Research
type: channel
description: International Journal of Medical & Health Research (ISSN Online: 3106-7948 | ISSN Print: 3106-793X) is an international, open-access, quarterly journal that operates under a rigorous double-blind peer-review system. The journal is dedicated to advancing high-quality research across the medical, health, and biological sciences, offering a reliable platform for the dissemination of original and impactful scholarly work. The journal publishes original research articles, review papers, and short communications across a broad range of disciplines, including molecular biology, biotechnology, microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, environmental sciences, and other interdisciplinary areas within the life sciences. Emphasis is placed on methodological rigor, scientific originality, and research that contributes meaningfully to both academic knowledge and practical applications in health and biomedical sciences. The International Journal of Medical & Health Research is published by the Institute of Insight Research [SMC – Private] Limited, a legally registered organization with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) under registration number 0306665. Committed to the highest standards of academic integrity, ethical publishing practices, and transparent editorial policies, the journal ensures a fair, unbiased, and thorough peer-review process. Through its open-access publishing model and adherence to international scholarly standards, the journal serves as a credible and inclusive forum for researchers, clinicians, and scholars worldwide to disseminate scientific knowledge, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and promote innovation in the medical and health sciences.
publisher: Institute of Insight Research [SMC – Private] Limited
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Medical & Health Research
items: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND BARRIERS IN MANAGING DIABETIC FOOT ULCER PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION
items: EFFECT OF UTERINE FIBROIDS ON MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN DIR LOWER: A CLINICAL STUDY
items: EPIGENETIC BASIS OF CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN ANIMALS AND ITS CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
items: A GLOBAL APPROACH TO MONKEYPOX CONTROL: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES
items: SHOULDER PAIN IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION OUTPATIENTS: PREVALENCE AND UNDERLYING CAUSES
items: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES IN COMPETENCY-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION (CBME)
items: A STUDY ON STRESS EXPERIENCED BY NURSING STUDENTS DURING TRAINING AT JINNAH COLLEGE OF NURSING
items: PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
items: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND BLOOD PRESSURE ACROSS DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
items: ACCEPTANCE OF AI-DRIVEN MENTAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS AMONG PAKISTANI YOUTH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: ASSOCIATION OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS WITH BLOOD PRESSURE ACROSS VARIOUS AGE GROUPS
items: INTERCONNECTED IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
items: COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PNEUMATIC AND LASER LITHOTRIPSY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PROXIMAL URETERIC STONES
items: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD CHOLERA AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN PRIVATE CLINICS OF DISTRICT WEST, KARACHI
items: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF YEAST AS A PREBIOTIC IN SMALL AND LARGE RUMINANT NUTRITION
items: PATHWAYS FROM ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES TO DRUG ABUSE: STRESS AS A MEDIATOR AND EMOTIONAL INTEREST AS A MODERATOR
items: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF LABEO ROHITA TO CLIMATE CHANGE: INSIGHTS FROM AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM ALTERATIONS
items: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN AGED 1–5 YEARS: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN
items: ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES: ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF OLEA FERRUGINEA ROYLE
items: PREVALENCE OF PRESSURE ULCER AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
items: MITOCHONDRIAL COI BASED GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FRANCOLINUS FRANCOLINUS IN DISTRICT KHUSHAB
items: CURCUMIN-LOADED SELF-EMULSIFYING SYSTEMS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO COUNTER STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS
items: PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN OF SINDH, PAKISTAN: A PREVALENCE STUDY
items: COMMON INFECTIONS IN RURAL PAKISTAN: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY AND PUBLIC HEALTH INSIGHTS
items: VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN YOUNG ADULTS: FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
items: IMPACT OF BLOOD PRESSURE ON SLEEP APNEA AND RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: A REVIEW
items: MONOCORTICAL VS. BICORTICAL SCREW FIXATION IN SYMPHYSIS AND PARASYMPHYSIS FRACTURES WITH BILATERAL CONDYLAR FRACTURES: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL
items: CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19: A REVIEW
items: RIVER RENAISSANCE: SAVING THE ORIENTAL MAHSEER FROM CLIMATE CHAOS

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON NURSES’ KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND BARRIERS IN MANAGING DIABETIC FOOT ULCER PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION
type: item
description: Diabetic foot complications are among the most serious outcomes of diabetes mellitus, often leading to infections, amputations, and life-threatening conditions. Early detection and prevention largely depend on the knowledge, practices, and interventions of nurses. This study aimed to assess the awareness, practices, and challenges faced by nurses in the early identification, prevention, and management of diabetic foot complications. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to nurses working in diabetic clinics, general wards, and wound care units. The findings revealed that while Kenyan nurses demonstrated a basic understanding of diabetic foot care, significant barriers—including limited education, time constraints, and inadequate resources—hinder the implementation of effective preventive measures. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive training programs, enhanced educational resources, and stronger institutional and policy support to improve nurses’ capacity in diabetic foot management. Strengthening these areas is essential to reducing severe complications, minimizing amputations, and improving patient outcomes in diabetic care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic foot care, nursing practice, early detection, prevention, diabetes-related complications, healthcare challenges, knowledge, clinical performance, barriers, wound management.
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Yousaf Ali Shah
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Saleem
creator: Muhammad Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 42
ending page: 58

EFFECT OF UTERINE FIBROIDS ON MATERNAL AND NEONATAL OUTCOMES IN DIR LOWER: A CLINICAL STUDY
type: item
description: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and can significantly complicate pregnancy and delivery outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, anatomical distribution, delivery patterns, and maternal complications associated with fibroids during pregnancy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 112 pregnant women diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Data were collected on fibroid type, location, number, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, cesarean section indications, and maternal complications. Subserous fibroids were the most frequent (65.18%), followed by submucous (25.89%) and intramural types (8.93%). The uterine fundus was the most common site of localization (77.68%). More than half of the patients (50.89%) presented with two to three fibroids. Most women delivered at term (37–40 weeks, 75.89%), with cesarean section being the predominant mode of delivery (62.50%). The leading indication for cesarean was premature rupture of membranes (PROM) with a poor Bishop score (21.43%). The most common maternal complications included threatened preterm labor (22.32%), blood transfusion requirement (19.64%), and threatened miscarriage (17.86%). Findings indicate that uterine fibroids substantially affect pregnancy outcomes, increasing the risk of cesarean delivery and maternal morbidity. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and individualized antenatal care are critical to optimizing maternal and fetal health in affected women
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uterine fibroids; pregnancy outcomes; cesarean section; maternal complications; fibroid types; delivery mode
  topic: keywords
creator: Ms. Muqaddas Khalil
creator: Ms. Sundas Khattak
creator: Ms. Rahma Sohail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 31
ending page: 41

EPIGENETIC BASIS OF CLIMATE RESILIENCE IN ANIMALS AND ITS CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS
type: item
description: Climate change poses critical threats to biodiversity, demanding rapid adaptive responses beyond the pace of traditional evolutionary processes. Epigenetics—heritable modifications in gene expression without changes to DNA sequence—has emerged as a key mechanism enabling short-term phenotypic plasticity and resilience. This review synthesizes evidence on epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, that facilitate animal responses to climate stressors such as temperature extremes, habitat loss, and ocean acidification. Case studies highlight heat-tolerant lizards exhibiting methylation-driven heat-shock protein expression and marine fish showing transgenerational inheritance of salinity-resilient traits. These findings underscore the role of epigenetics in bridging immediate environmental stress and long-term adaptation. The conservation relevance of epigenetic plasticity is also explored. Epigenetic diversity may act as an underrecognized reservoir of adaptive potential, particularly in small or isolated populations. However, uncertainties remain regarding the stability of epigenetic changes across generations, their interaction with genetic variation, and the ecological implications of epigenetic drift. Advances such as CRISPR-based epigenome editing and high-resolution sequencing offer new opportunities to clarify these dynamics. Integrating epigenetics into conservation strategies will require interdisciplinary collaboration and careful consideration of ethical challenges. Prioritizing long-term studies and comparative approaches can help unlock the potential of epigenetics to enhance biodiversity resilience in the face of rapid climate change.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Epigenetics, Climate change adaptation, Phenotypic plasticity, DNA methylation, Conservation biology, Animal resilience, Environmental stressors.
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Waseem
creator: Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Afridi
creator: Dr. Naseem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 30

A GLOBAL APPROACH TO MONKEYPOX CONTROL: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES
type: item
description: Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), was historically confined to Central and West Africa but has now emerged as a significant global public health concern. Transmission occurs through direct contact with bodily fluids, lesions, or respiratory droplets, as well as via animal-to-human exposure. Individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe disease. The 2022 international outbreak, driven by global travel, human–animal interactions, and waning smallpox immunity, marked the virus’s spread beyond endemic regions and posed particular challenges for healthcare systems and professionals. Preventive measures such as personal hygiene, patient isolation, and the use of protective equipment remain critical. In clinical management, antivirals such as Tecovirimat and smallpox-based vaccines (JYNNEOS and ACAM2000) are valuable tools. Public health strategies—including contact tracing, quarantine, and early diagnosis—are essential for containment. However, prevention and control efforts are hindered by barriers such as limited healthcare infrastructure, misinformation, stigma, and resource constraints. Addressing these challenges requires strengthened surveillance systems, targeted vaccination strategies, and coordinated international collaboration. Enhancing these measures will be vital to mitigating the global impact of monkeypox outbreaks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monkeypox, Zoonotically, Vaccination, Containment, Protective gears, Immunization Isolation, Quarantine
  topic: keywords
creator: Haris Munir
creator: Fazeelat Kousar
creator: Beerah Mahreen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 19

SHOULDER PAIN IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION OUTPATIENTS: PREVALENCE AND UNDERLYING CAUSES
type: item
description: Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints encountered in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) outpatient clinics. It significantly affects patients’ daily functioning and quality of life, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management essential. Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent causes of shoulder pain among patients presenting to PM&R outpatient clinics and to support improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods: A quantitative comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 patients. The sample size was determined using the WHO calculator at a 95% confidence interval, 2.3% absolute precision, and an estimated prevalence of shoulder osteoarthritis of 4.6%. Data collection included patient interviews, physical examinations, and imaging modalities (X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound). Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression, with results presented through tables, bar charts, pie charts, and scatter plots. Results: The most common etiologies of shoulder pain were rotator cuff tendinitis (30%), adhesive capsulitis (20%), osteoarthritis (15%), bursitis (10%), and cervical radiculopathy (5%). Additional causes included labral tears (7.5%), fractures (5%), and referred pain (10%). Demographic factors such as age, gender, and occupation were found to be significantly associated with specific pathologies. Conclusion: Rotator cuff tendinitis and adhesive capsulitis were identified as the leading causes of shoulder pain in PM&R outpatients. Early recognition of these conditions and other less common etiologies is crucial for timely and targeted management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the overall burden of shoulder-related disability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Adhesive Capsulitis, Bursitis, Cervical Radiculopathy, Labral Tears, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Osteoarthritis, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Referred Pain, Rotator Cuff Tendinitis, Shoulder Pain.
creator: Razia Faqir
creator: Zunaira Amir
creator: Sayeda Sidra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES IN COMPETENCY-BASED MEDICAL EDUCATION (CBME)
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to review existing literature on the principles of Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) and to explore preventive strategies that support its effective integration. Incorporating CBME into the traditional medical curriculum remains a major challenge for educators and institutions. This study emphasizes the importance of practical approaches to implementing CBME successfully within medical education programs. The concept of CBME has gained global attention due to its potential to produce more capable, patient-centered, and adaptable healthcare professionals. It aligns with modern educational philosophies that promote individualized learning, continuous assessment, and accountability for both learners and institutions. However, the transition from traditional curricula to CBME presents significant challenges, including curriculum restructuring, faculty training, resource allocation, and the development of reliable assessment tools. In medical institutions, integrating CBME requires not only a conceptual understanding of its core principles but also a strategic approach to implementation and evaluation. Identifying and addressing barriers such as resistance to change, lack of institutional readiness, and limited faculty expertise are crucial to ensuring successful outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME)
  topic: keywords
subject: Curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Iqra Shahid
creator: Abiha Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 41
ending page: 45

A STUDY ON STRESS EXPERIENCED BY NURSING STUDENTS DURING TRAINING AT JINNAH COLLEGE OF NURSING
type: item
description: Nursing is both an art and a science — a profession that demands emotional resilience, discipline, and dedication. It is a challenging and emotionally taxing career that requires students to balance the rigorous demands of academic learning with the practical pressures of clinical training. During their training period, nursing students often face significant stressors stemming from both academic and clinical environments. Academic stress arises from heavy coursework and examinations, while clinical stress may result from experiences such as receiving negative feedback from instructors. This study aimed to assess the levels of stress and coping strategies among nursing students at Jinnah College of Nursing. An observational, cross-sectional design was employed, involving 105 randomly selected participants — 36.2% male and 63.8% female — with a mean age of 22 years. The majority of participants were single (92; 87.6%). Findings revealed that 50% of nursing students experienced stress related to clinical practice and academic performance, 34% reported no stress, and 16% remained neutral. The most common stressors identified were insufficient vacations or breaks (56; 53.3%) and lack of guidance from teachers (19; 18.1%). Additionally, 73.3% of students reported using various coping strategies to manage stress. The study concludes that the majority of nursing students experience significant academic and clinical stress. It is recommended that stress management seminars be conducted at the beginning of each semester to help students develop effective coping mechanisms and improve both academic and clinical performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Academic stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical stress
  topic: keywords
subject: nursing students
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Hammad Khan
creator: Ahmad Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 22
ending page: 40

PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
type: item
description: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with hypothyroidism.A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, from 24 August 2024 to 23 February 2025. A total of 91 patients with a primary diagnosis of hypothyroidism were enrolled. All participants underwent HbA1c testing, and those with HbA1c >6.5% or already receiving anti-diabetic therapy were classified as diabetic.The mean age of participants was 54.7 ± 6.1 years, with an average hypothyroidism duration of 4.5 ± 3.6 years and a mean BMI of 25.3 ± 2.7 kg/m². The study population included 34 males (37.4%) and 57 females (62.6%). Diabetes mellitus was identified in 31 patients (34.0%).Diabetes mellitus frequently coexists with hypothyroidism. Routine screening for DM in patients with thyroid disorders, and vice versa, is essential for early detection, optimal management, and prevention of complications associated with these comorbid conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypothyroidism
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
creator: Mujahid Hussain
creator: Nashitah Awan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 18
ending page: 21

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND BLOOD PRESSURE ACROSS DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
type: item
description: To determine the frequency of hyperuricemia and its association with blood pressure across different age groups in patients attending outpatient clinics for general health check-ups at a tertiary care hospital. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Internal Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, PAF Faisal Base, Karachi, from November 18, 2024, to February 20, 2025. Following ethical approval, 200 participants were recruited, including 100 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients (Group A) and 100 age-matched normotensive controls (Group B). Serum uric acid levels were measured, and hyperuricemia was defined based on standard clinical criteria. The primary outcome was the prevalence of hyperuricemia among hypertensive versus normotensive individuals. Secondary outcomes included assessment of serum uric acid levels across different age groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and comparison of means, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Hyperuricemia was observed in 64% of hypertensive patients compared to 21% of controls (p < 0.001). Mean serum uric acid levels were 5.58 ± 1.95 mg/dL in adolescents and 8.6 ± 1.76 mg/dL in geriatric patients, with no significant age-related correlation. Hyperuricemia is strongly associated with elevated blood pressure, independent of age, highlighting its potential role as a modifiable risk factor in hypertension management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adolescent
  topic: keywords
subject: geriatric
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: old and uric acid
  topic: keywords
subject: blood pressure
  topic: keywords
creator: Amna Khalid
creator: Noor-Ul-Eman
creator: Rubab Begum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 11
ending page: 17

ACCEPTANCE OF AI-DRIVEN MENTAL HEALTH APPLICATIONS AMONG PAKISTANI YOUTH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: This study examines the acceptance of AI-based mental health applications among Pakistani youth, emphasizing factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust, privacy concerns, and demographic influences. Utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), findings indicate a generally positive attitude toward AI-driven mental health tools, with participants acknowledging their potential to support mental health management. However, privacy concerns and trust issues emerged as significant barriers, with respondents hesitant to share sensitive personal data with AI systems. Demographic factors, including age and education level, influenced acceptance, with younger and more educated individuals demonstrating higher receptivity. The study provides critical insights into the cultural context of Pakistan, where confidentiality concerns and the perceived importance of human interaction shape attitudes toward AI mental health solutions. Recommendations include enhancing privacy measures, fostering trust, and designing culturally sensitive applications to improve adoption and effectiveness among youth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AI-based mental health applications
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology Acceptance Model
  topic: keywords
subject: privacy concerns
  topic: keywords
subject: trust
  topic: keywords
subject: demographic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health care
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural sensitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: adoption of technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamza Abbasi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 10

ASSOCIATION OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS WITH BLOOD PRESSURE ACROSS VARIOUS AGE GROUPS
type: item
description: To assess the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its relationship with blood pressure across different age groups in patients attending outpatient clinics for routine health check-ups at a tertiary care hospital Department of Internal Medicine, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, PAF Faisal Base, Karachi, from November 18, 2024, to February 20, 2025. Following ethical approval, 200 participants were enrolled, comprising 100 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients (Group A) and 100 age-matched normotensive controls (Group B). Serum uric acid levels were measured, and hyperuricemia was defined according to standard clinical criteria. The primary outcome was the prevalence of hyperuricemia in hypertensive versus normotensive individuals. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of serum uric acid levels across different age groups. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and mean comparisons, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Hyperuricemia was observed in 64% of hypertensive patients compared to 21% of controls (p < 0.001). Mean serum uric acid levels were 5.58 ± 1.95 mg/dL in adolescents and 8.6 ± 1.76 mg/dL in geriatric patients, with no significant correlation between age and uric acid levels. Hyperuricemia is strongly associated with elevated blood pressure regardless of age, suggesting it may serve as a modifiable risk factor in hypertension management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adolescent
  topic: keywords
subject: geriatric
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: old and uric acid
  topic: keywords
subject: blood pressure
  topic: keywords
creator: Amna Khalid
creator: Noor-Ul-Eman
creator: Rubab Begum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 20

INTERCONNECTED IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
type: item
description: This review explores the multifaceted impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on both human and animal health, emphasizing the zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, disruptions in veterinary services, and the crucial role of animal models in studying long-term immune responses and chronic conditions such as Long COVID. It examines how human–wildlife interactions contributed to the zoonotic spillover of SARS-CoV-2 and evaluates the effects of pandemic restrictions on veterinary care and animal welfare. Recent research is analyzed to highlight the challenges faced by veterinary professionals, including reduced disease surveillance and compromised management capacities, with broader implications for animal health and welfare. The review also discusses the use of animal models—such as hamsters and non-human primates—in investigating viral persistence and immune mechanisms, underscoring their importance in developing therapeutic strategies for both humans and animals. Furthermore, it identifies significant knowledge gaps regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19 in animals and inconsistent evidence on reverse zoonotic transmission. By synthesizing current findings, this review advocates for future research grounded in the One Health framework to strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration and enhance preparedness against emerging zoonotic threats.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: SARS-CoV-2
  topic: keywords
subject: Zoonotic Transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: Veterinary Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Animal Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Long COVID
  topic: keywords
subject: One Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Pandemic Preparedness
  topic: keywords
creator: Ameen Ullah
creator: Abdullah Muslim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 51
ending page: 65

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PNEUMATIC AND LASER LITHOTRIPSY FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF PROXIMAL URETERIC STONES
type: item
description: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of pneumatic and laser lithotripsy in patients with proximal ureteric stones. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Urology at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT), Karachi. Patients aged 18–70 years of either gender with proximal ureteric stones measuring 8–15 mm were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling and randomly assigned to two equal groups: pneumatic lithotripsy and laser lithotripsy. The diagnosis and stone size were confirmed using CT KUB scans. Empirical antibiotics were administered preoperatively and for at least five days postoperatively. Follow-up evaluations were performed at four weeks to assess stone clearance, migration, and the need for secondary interventions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance. The mean age was 40.83 ± 14.09 years in the pneumatic group and 40.40 ± 14.28 years in the laser group. Stone clearance was significantly higher in the laser group (74.3%) compared to the pneumatic group (48.6%). Stone migration occurred more frequently in the pneumatic group (42.9%) than in the laser group (14.3%), and secondary interventions were required more often in the pneumatic group (51.4%) than in the laser group (28.6%). These findings demonstrate that laser lithotripsy is more effective than pneumatic lithotripsy for managing proximal ureteric stones, offering higher stone clearance rates and reduced migration. Although laser lithotripsy requires greater time and cost, its lower rate of secondary intervention supports its preference in clinical practice. Further large-scale studies are recommended to confirm these findings and refine treatment guidelines.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Laser Lithotripsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Pneumatic Lithotripsy
  topic: keywords
subject: Proximal Ureteric Stones
  topic: keywords
subject: Stone Clearance
  topic: keywords
subject: Urology
  topic: keywords
subject: Endourology
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Samiyah Tasleem
creator: Junaid Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 45
ending page: 50

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES TOWARD CHOLERA AMONG HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN PRIVATE CLINICS OF DISTRICT WEST, KARACHI
type: item
description: Cholera continues to pose a significant public health risk in many urban regions of Pakistan, primarily due to unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, and delayed case reporting. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to cholera among registered healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in private clinics within District West, Karachi. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 120 healthcare professionals. The findings revealed moderate levels of knowledge, generally positive attitudes, but inconsistent practices—particularly in areas concerning patient health education and timely case reporting to relevant authorities. These results underscore the need for continuous professional training and stronger integration between private healthcare providers and the public health system to improve cholera prevention and control efforts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cholera
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitudes
  topic: keywords
subject: and Practices (KAP)
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Professionals
  topic: keywords
subject: Karachi
  topic: keywords
subject: Disease Reporting
  topic: keywords
subject: Private Clinics
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Hussnain Sajid
creator: Ali
creator: Rida Zahra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 44

EVALUATING THE ROLE OF YEAST AS A PREBIOTIC IN SMALL AND LARGE RUMINANT NUTRITION
type: item
description: This study investigated the effects of yeast supplementation as a prebiotic in the diets of small and large ruminants, focusing on its impact on feed intake, rumen microbial activity, and overall productivity. The experiment involved two ruminant species—sheep (small ruminants) and cattle (large ruminants)—divided into control and treatment groups that received diets with or without yeast supplementation. Over a 12-week period, key performance indicators, including feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and rumen microbial fermentation, were evaluated. Results indicated that yeast inclusion significantly improved feed efficiency and enhanced rumen microbial populations, particularly those involved in fiber digestion. Animals receiving yeast supplementation exhibited greater weight gain and overall health status compared to the control group. These findings highlight yeast’s potential as an effective prebiotic for improving digestive function and promoting growth performance in ruminants. The study provides valuable insights for livestock producers seeking to optimize animal health and productivity through dietary interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Yeast
  topic: keywords
subject: Prebiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: Ruminants
  topic: keywords
subject: Feed Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Rumen Microbial Activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Animal Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Livestock Nutrition
  topic: keywords
creator: Alina Amir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 30
ending page: 40

PATHWAYS FROM ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES TO DRUG ABUSE: STRESS AS A MEDIATOR AND EMOTIONAL INTEREST AS A MODERATOR
type: item
description: Multiple factors can influence the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and drug abuse. This study examined whether stress mediates the association between ACEs and substance use—specifically co-use, nicotine use, and cannabis use—and whether this mediation effect varies as a function of emotional interest. A total of 249 participants completed measures assessing demographics, ACEs, stress, and drug misuse, along with a delay discounting task. Data were collected using the snowball sampling technique. Analyses were conducted using Hayes’ PROCESS macro (Version 3.4, Model 15) with moderated mediation and Pearson correlations. The results revealed a significant association between ACEs and drug misuse, with stress serving as a mediator in this relationship. Furthermore, emotional interest was found to moderate the link between ACEs and stress. These findings highlight the complex interplay between early adverse experiences, emotional regulation, and substance use behaviors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Interest
  topic: keywords
subject: Mediated Moderation
  topic: keywords
subject: Substance Use
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Moeez Ahmad
creator: Areeba Aziz
creator: Muntaha Noor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 29

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF LABEO ROHITA TO CLIMATE CHANGE: INSIGHTS FROM AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM ALTERATIONS
type: item
description: Labeo rohita (rohu), a vital freshwater fish in South Asia, faces significant physiological stress from climate change, affecting regional nutrition and economies. Optimal survival occurs at 25–32°C, but rising temperatures and erratic precipitation reduce growth, protein efficiency, and survival. Temperatures of 34–36°C damage yolk and embryos, slowing hatching or causing total mortality. Salinity increases from seawater intrusion further impair survival, gill function, osmoregulation, and erythrocyte physiology. Thermal stress also suppresses growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor expression, compromising growth and immunity. Given rohu’s economic and nutritional importance, adaptive strategies and improved management practices are critical to mitigate climate-induced impacts and sustain population health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Labeo rohita
  topic: keywords
subject: Temperature Variation
  topic: keywords
subject: Salinity Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Fish Physiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth Hormone (GH)
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquaculture Impacts
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)
  topic: keywords
creator: Rubina Tafsheen
creator: Kamal Muhsin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 34

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN AGED 1–5 YEARS: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN
type: item
description: Background: Anemia remains a significant pediatric health concern, particularly in developing countries, where nutritional deficiencies and limited healthcare access contribute substantially. In early childhood, anemia adversely impacts growth, immunity, and neurodevelopment. Objective: To assess the prevalence and severity of anemia among children aged 1–5 years attending the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2024 at Punjab Rangers Hospital, Lahore. A total of 375 children aged 1–5 years were enrolled using consecutive non-probability sampling. Children with chronic illnesses, hematological disorders, or recent cytotoxic treatment were excluded. Hemoglobin levels were measured and classified according to WHO criteria as mild (10–11 g/dL), moderate (8–10 g/dL), or severe (<8 g/dL). Data were analyzed using SPSS v20, with p-values <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 3.06 ± 1.45 years, with an overall mean hemoglobin of 10.89 ± 1.97 g/dL. Anemia was identified in 208 children (55.5%). Among anemic cases, 71 (34.1%) had mild anemia, 106 (51.0%) moderate anemia, and 31 (14.9%) severe anemia. Females accounted for 56.3% of anemic children, but no significant differences were observed in anemia prevalence or severity by gender (p = 0.840) or age group (p = 0.649). Conclusion: Anemia affects over half of children aged 1–5 years in this cohort, with moderate anemia being the most common. These findings emphasize the substantial burden of pediatric anemia and underscore the need for routine screening, nutritional education, and targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on child health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric health
  topic: keywords
subject: Early childhood
  topic: keywords
subject: Hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutritional deficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing countries
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric outpatient
  topic: keywords
subject: Childhood morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Surayia Kamal
creator: Murtaza Saleem
creator: Dr Saira Jabeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 25

ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES: ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF OLEA FERRUGINEA ROYLE
type: item
description: Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to prevent and combat diseases related to oxidative stress. The present study investigates the phytochemical composition, antipyretic, and antifungal activities of Olea ferruginea Royle extract, including ethanolic, methanolic, and chloroform extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed that both ethanolic and methanolic extracts contained carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, paleobotanies, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides, while alkaloids, paleobotanies, glycosides, and proteins were absent in the chloroform extract. Quantitative analysis of the chloroform extract revealed the presence of flavonoids (14.20±0.15 mg/ml), alkaloids (12.10±0.15 mg/ml), phenols (10.45±0.10 mg/ml), saponins (06.22±0.14 mg/ml), and tannins (04.60±0.65 mg/ml). The pharmacological evaluation revealed that the 600 mg/kg dose of the extract exhibited significant antipyretic activity in a brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia model, resulting in a 59.43% reduction in fever compared to the positive control, paracetamol (73.23% inhibition at 37.24°C). The antifungal activity demonstrated that Olea ferruginea Royle extracts were most effective against Verticillium, with a zone of inhibition of 17.00±0.48 mm at a concentration of 18 mg/µl, followed by Pythium (16.27±0.93 mm), Acremonium (16.20±1.89 mm), and Trichoderma (16.11±0.82 mm) at a concentration of 12 mg/µl. These results suggest that Olea ferruginea Royle possesses significant antipyretic and antifungal potential, supporting its traditional medicinal uses
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Phytochemical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: antipyretic
  topic: keywords
subject: antifungal activities
  topic: keywords
subject: Olea ferruginea Royle
  topic: keywords
creator: Naveen Dilawar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 31
ending page: 46

PREVALENCE OF PRESSURE ULCER AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
type: item
description: Background: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a common and preventable complication in hospitalized patients, particularly among those who are immobile, elderly, or critically ill. They significantly impact patient outcomes, increase the duration of hospital stay, and elevate healthcare costs. Nurses play a key role in prevention, yet the implementation of evidence-based practices often remains inconsistent, especially in resource-constrained settings like Pakistan. Material and Method: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad, involving 225 patients admitted for at least 24 hours across various wards including ICU, orthopedic, surgical, and medical units. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire based on demographic information, Braden Scale risk assessment, presence and stage of pressure ulcers, and associated risk factors. The sampling technique was purposive, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pressure ulcers was found to be 39.6%. Most ulcers were detected in early stages (Stage I: 50.6%, Stage II: 47.1%). Immobility (62.2% completely immobile), poor mobility, moisture exposure, comorbid conditions (especially chronic illness), and suboptimal nutritional status emerged as significant risk factors. Braden Scale scores revealed that 50% of patients were at mild risk, while 17.4% were at high risk. Despite the availability of preventive tools, gaps in training, staff-to-patient ratio, and institutional support hinder effective management. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for consistent use of evidence-based nursing practices, improved staff training, regular risk assessments using tools like the Braden Scale, and better institutional support. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to reduce PU incidence and improve patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pressure ulcer
  topic: keywords
subject: prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: , risk factors, Braden Scale, nursing care, hospitalized patients, evidence-based practice, Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Assadullah Rind
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 21
ending page: 30

MITOCHONDRIAL COI BASED GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FRANCOLINUS FRANCOLINUS IN DISTRICT KHUSHAB
type: item
description: Using mitochondrial DNA particularly the cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, the present research evaluated the genetic variation of the District Khushab population of black francolin (Francolinus francolinus).By analyzing COI sequences of genes the study sought to shed light on the population's genetic makeup, historical background and environmental adaptations.Samples of tissues were taken from black francolins that lived in the district's several ecological domains.PCR was used to amplify the COI gene and the Sanger technique was used to sequence it.Bioinformatics methods were used to assess genetic diversity metrics such as nucleotide and haplotype diversity.In addition to offering a scientific basis for focused conservation measures to promote the long-term survival of black francolins in Khushab.This study made significant contributions to our knowledge of bird’s genetic diversity in Pakistan.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MITOCHONDRIAL COI BASED GENETIC
  topic: keywords
subject: DIVERSITY OF FRANCOLINUS
  topic: keywords
subject: FRANCOLINUS IN DISTRICT KHUSHAB
  topic: keywords
creator: Mumtaz Akhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 13
ending page: 20

CURCUMIN-LOADED SELF-EMULSIFYING SYSTEMS: A NOVEL APPROACH TO COUNTER STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS
type: item
description: Persistent hyperglycemia and related consequences, such diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus (DM), that dramatically raise the risk of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic individuals. Multidrug-resistant organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are commonly found in DFUs, which makes treatment more difficult with current antibiotics. A possible remedy is curcumin, a polyphenolic substance having antibacterial qualities. Its bioavailability is increased when it is administered using Self- Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS). Methodology: A six-month cross-sectional experimental study was carried out to check the antibacterial activity of SEDDS loaded curcumin. SEDDS loaded with curcumin (cu-SEDDS) were made with a variety of oils, co-surfactants, and surfactants. A Zetasizer was used to characterize the formulations for droplet size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI). Agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) techniques were used to measure antibacterial activity. Results: The most effective cu-SEDDS formulation against S. aureus was F1, which exhibited the lowest MIC value (0.0507 ± 0.02 µg/mL) and a significant inhibition zone (14 ± 1 mm) among the five. Characterization showed that F1 was stable with a zeta potential of -2.34 mV, a PDI of 0.089, and a droplet size of 490.3 nm. The antibacterial efficacy of formulations varied F1 has better activity than others. Conclusion: Curcumin-loaded SEDDS formulations offer a novel and effective approach to managing DFU-associated S. aureus infections.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic foot ulcers
  topic: keywords
subject: S. aureus
  topic: keywords
subject: curcumin
  topic: keywords
subject: self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Falak Niaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

PHYSICAL INACTIVITY AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN OF SINDH, PAKISTAN: A PREVALENCE STUDY
type: item
description: This study investigates the prevalence of physical inactivity and obesity among school-going children in Sindh, Pakistan, focusing on the role of limited physical education in contributing to these issues. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 400 randomly selected students from grades 7 to 10 in Tando Muhammad Khan and Nawabshah. Data on physical activity, participation in physical education, and BMI were collected to classify students as normal weight, overweight, or obese. Results showed low levels of physical activity across the sample, with 2.5% classified as obese and 10.3% as overweight. Most students reported no regular physical education classes, indicating a strong link between school-based inactivity and rising obesity. The study underscores the urgent need to integrate structured physical education into school curricula to curb childhood obesity and promote healthier habits in the student population
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Physical inactivity
  topic: keywords
subject: childhood obesity
  topic: keywords
subject: school health
  topic: keywords
subject: physical education
  topic: keywords
subject: Sindh
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Nimarta Fulwani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 14

COMMON INFECTIONS IN RURAL PAKISTAN: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY AND PUBLIC HEALTH INSIGHTS
type: item
description: Infectious diseases pose a significant public health challenge in rural Pakistan due to limited healthcare access and infrastructure. This cross-sectional study analyzed the prevalence of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermatological infections among different age and gender groups in a rural population of 50,000 across seven villages. Data collected over 45 days from a basic health unit showed respiratory and dermatological infections peaked in the 15–49 age group, while gastrointestinal infections were most common in children aged 1–4 years. Males had a slightly higher rate of dermatological infections, with minor gender differences in other infection types. These findings reveal distinct epidemiological patterns and emphasize the need for targeted public health interventions, improved healthcare access, and prevention strategies tailored to demographic groups. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to clarify causal links and improve disease control efforts
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Body Image, Eating Behaviors, College Students, Gender Differences.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jafar Riaz Kataria
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN YOUNG ADULTS: FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
type: item
description: Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia is a common yet often underdiagnosed condition in young adults, with significant hematological and neurological implications. This review examines its prevalence, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic challenges in individuals aged 18–35. A systematic review of literature from 2000 to 2023 revealed a prevalence ranging from 5% to 15%, with higher rates in regions with low dietary B12 intake. Common symptoms included fatigue, glossitis, paraesthesia, and macrocytic anemia, while neurological issues such as memory impairment and mood disturbances were also frequently reported. These findings emphasize the need for early diagnosis and intervention to prevent long-term complications. Greater awareness, targeted screening, and further research into dietary and genetic factors are crucial for addressing this widespread health concern
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Button mushroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Agaricus bisporus
  topic: keywords
subject: therapeutic properties
  topic: keywords
subject: management of lipid peroxidation
  topic: keywords
subject: animal model
  topic: keywords
creator: Mudassar Imran
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 51

IMPACT OF BLOOD PRESSURE ON SLEEP APNEA AND RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME: A REVIEW
type: item
description: Sleep disorders such as sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are closely linked to both sleep quality and cardiovascular health, particularly blood pressure (BP). This review investigates the relationship between BP levels and the prevalence and severity of these disorders. Findings show a significant positive correlation between elevated BP and increased severity of sleep apnea, with hypertensive patients displaying higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) scores than normotensive individuals (p < 0.05). Similarly, elevated BP was associated with more frequent and severe RLS symptoms. These results suggest that hypertension may contribute to the pathophysiology of both conditions, potentially through vascular and neurological dysregulation. Recognizing this relationship could help clinicians tailor more effective treatment strategies for sleep disorder patients with hypertension. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to clarify causality and guide clinical practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Button mushroom
  topic: keywords
subject: Agaricus bisporus
  topic: keywords
subject: therapeutic properties
  topic: keywords
subject: management of lipid peroxidation
  topic: keywords
subject: animal model
  topic: keywords
creator: Abubakar Zain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 31
ending page: 43

MONOCORTICAL VS. BICORTICAL SCREW FIXATION IN SYMPHYSIS AND PARASYMPHYSIS FRACTURES WITH BILATERAL CONDYLAR FRACTURES: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL
type: item
description: Mandibular symphysis and parasymphysis fractures, particularly when associated with bilateral condylar fractures, present a surgical challenge due to the need to restore occlusion, maintain mandibular continuity, and prevent complications like lingual splaying. While monocortical screw fixation is commonly used for its ease and safety, bicortical screws may offer greater stability by engaging both buccal and lingual cortices. This prospective, single-blind randomized clinical trial compared monocortical and bicortical screw fixation in 60 patients with symphysis/parasymphysis fractures and conservatively managed bilateral condylar fractures. Postoperative CBCT measurements showed significantly smaller lingual gaps in the bicortical group (p < 0.05), with no hardware failures or complications reported. The results suggest that bicortical fixation provides superior stability and may promote better functional outcomes, highlighting the need for larger multicenter studies to validate these findings and optimize treatment protocols.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: MONOCORTICAL VS. BICORTICAL SCREW
  topic: keywords
subject: FIXATION IN SYMPHYSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: AND PARASYMPHYSIS FRACTURES WITH
  topic: keywords
subject: BILATERAL CONDYLAR FRACTURES
  topic: keywords
subject: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED TRIAL
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Asma Fayyaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 22
ending page: 30

CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19: A REVIEW
type: item
description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19, has infected over 670 million people globally and caused approximately 7 million deaths. Emerging research highlights a significant link between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Conditions like diabetes mellitus and hypertension—already known CVD risk factors—appear to be further exacerbated by COVID-19, which may act as an independent risk modifier. Studies suggest that previous COVID-19 infection increases the risk of developing various CVDs to a degree comparable with traditional risk factors. Complications such as myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, thromboembolism, and arrhythmias have been observed, especially in individuals with preexisting heart conditions. COVID-19 may influence cardiovascular health both directly—through viral invasion of heart tissues—and indirectly—via systemic inflammation. This review summarizes current findings on the interplay between COVID-19 and CVD, explores underlying mechanisms, and discusses evolving treatment and prevention strategies in the context of the pandemic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: SARS-COV-2
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiovascular disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle inflammation
  topic: keywords
subject: Heart injury
  topic: keywords
subject: Heart failure
  topic: keywords
creator: Arooj Fatima
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 12
ending page: 21

RIVER RENAISSANCE: SAVING THE ORIENTAL MAHSEER FROM CLIMATE CHAOS
type: item
description: Climate change is an emerging global threat affecting all forms of life. In recent years, rapid and drastic climate shifts have severely impacted ecosystems and species, including the Mahseer — an important endemic fish species in India. Valued for its size, taste, and economic potential, the Mahseer is facing serious challenges such as habitat degradation, reduced growth, disrupted breeding patterns, altered migration routes, and declining population. These effects are pushing the species toward critical endangerment. To prevent further loss of biodiversity, effective and sustainable conservation strategies are essential. Protecting the Mahseer not only preserves ecological balance but also offers economic benefits to the regions where it naturally occurs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change, Mahseer, Endemic specie, Habitat destruction, Breeding, Survival, Conservation strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahid Mahmood
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 11